Methods for delivery of therapeutic materials to treat pancreatic cancer

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a localized method for treatment of cancer including the steps of providing a drug delivery catheter; navigating the catheter to the bile duct; and delivering a therapeutic agent into the bile duct. According to one aspect of the method, the drug delivery catheter is a multi-occlusion balloon catheter. The multi-occlusion balloon catheter may include at least two balloons. The multi-occlusion balloon catheter may optionally include a pressure transducer between the balloons to optimize delivery technique.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. Ser. No. 14/958,415 filed on Dec. 3, 2015 which is Pending, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 14/870,833 filed on Sep. 30, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,463,304) which is claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/293,603, entitled “Devices, Methods and Kits for the Delivery of Therapeutic Materials to a Pancreas,” filed Jun. 2, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,171), which claims priority to and the benefit U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/830,218, entitled “Apparatus and Methods for Insertion and Manipulation of Multi-Occlusion Catheter Device,” filed Jun. 3, 2013, and which is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/958,711, entitled “Devices, Methods and Kits for the Delivery of Therapeutic Materials to a Pancreas,” filed Dec. 2, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,821,476), which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/265,845 entitled “A Catheter System Adapted for Endovascular Delivery of Therapeutic Materials to a Mammalian Pancreas, Method of Treatment of Diabetes, and Kits Therefore,” filed Dec. 2, 2009, each of the disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The embodiments described herein relate generally to methods for delivering a therapeutic material to treat pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is considered an almost chemoresistant tumor. The ineffective result of systemic chemotherapy is at least in part due to an insufficient drug concentration within the tumor because of dose-limited toxicity in bone marrow and epithelial tissue. Since systemic chemotherapy is limited its effectiveness, localized therapy can be desirable for advanced pancreatic cancer patients. For example, one such treatment can include local intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapy. Intra-arterial infusion allows higher drug concentration to reach the tumor, overcoming the problem of poor blood flow to tumor mass in comparison to healthy tissue. Furthermore, intra-arterial chemotherapy can also take advantage of the first pass effect of chemotherapeutics, generating higher-level drug concentrations at the tumor cell membrane and therefore, enhancing cellular drug uptake as compared to intravenous infusion. Lastly, local delivery can reduce systemic side effects.

Such a chemotherapy treatment is usually administered through catheters placed in the celiac/hepatic artery or portal vein, however, a best mode of catheter placement has yet to be established. The tumor response rates of pancreatic arterial infusion chemotherapy can range widely, for example, from 7% to 65%, at least in part due to efficacy of drug delivery where anticancer drugs were administered via the celiac artery without assessment of drug distribution. Thus, a need exists for improved methods for delivering a treatment such as a biologic agent and/or drug formation to target tissue of the pancreas, as well as hepatic tumors and cholangiocarinoma.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is a localized method for treatment of cancer, comprising the steps of: providing a drug delivery catheter; navigating the catheter to the bile duct; delivering a therapeutic agent into the bile duct.

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, wherein the drug delivery catheter is a multi-occlusion balloon catheter. The multi-occlusion balloon catheter may comprise at least two balloons. The multi-occlusion balloon catheter may optionally include a pressure transducer between the balloons to optimize delivery technique.

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Aldesleukin, Axitinib, Bleomycin, Carboplatin, Cetuximab, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, doxorubicin liposomal non-pegylated (un-coated), doxorubicin liposomal pegylated (PEG coated), Floxuridine, Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, Irinotecan Hydrochloride Liposome, Lanreotide Acetate, leucovorin (antidote to folic acid antagonist used with 5FU), Methotrexate, Mitomycin, Mitoxantrone, Nivolumab, Olaparib, Oxaliplatin, Sorafenib Tosylate, Temsirolimus, Thiotepa, Topotecan Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulfate, vincristine sulfate).

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, the navigating step includes navigating the catheter using ERCP.

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, the navigating step includes navigating the catheter to the bile duct percutaneously.

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, the localized method is used to treat pancreatic cancer.

According to one aspect of the aforementioned method, the localized method is used to treat at least one of hepatic tumors and cholangiocarinoma.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a pancreas and related structure in a human;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic illustrations of a multi-occlusion catheter insertion device according to an embodiment, in a first configuration and a second configuration, respectively;

FIG. 4 is a side view of a multi-occlusion catheter insertion device according to an embodiment, shown in a dilated configuration;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a portion of the multi-occlusion catheter insertion device of FIG. 4; and

FIGS. 6-11 are each a cross-sectional view of a different portion of the multi-occlusion catheter insertion device of FIG. 4, taken along lines 6-6, 7-7, 8-8, 9-9, 10-10, and 11-11, respectively, in FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Methods described herein can be used, for example, for the insertion and manipulation of a multi-occlusion catheter device to deliver a therapeutic agents to the bile duct for treatment of pancreatic cancer or other localized cancer. Tumors localized around the bile duct (cancer of the pancreatic head, primary and secondary liver tumors, and cholangiocarcinoma) may benefit from localized delivery through the bile duct itself. The bile duct can be exogenously accessed through an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) catheter, one can envision delivery of a double balloon catheter into the bile duct using established ERCP technique. After localizing the double balloon catheter to the area of bile duct involved/adjacent to the tumor, that area of bile duct is isolated by inflating the two balloon elements. Chemotherapeutic elements are then infused between the two balloons. By increasing the pressure between two balloon elements to exceed the interstitial tissue pressure, in a diffusion dependent manner, the chemotherapeutic agent will then diffuse out the wall of the bile duct and into the tissue.

By monitoring and/or adjusting the pressure between the balloons, one can change the penetration depth of the chemotherapy into the tissue.

According to some embodiments, a therapeutic material for treatment of pancreatic cancer or other localized cancer is delivered into the bile duct using the multi-occlusion catheter. The gall bladder is connected to the pancreas via the common bile duct. Localized delivery to the site of the tumor has advantages for both maximizing local drug concentration at the tumor site, and decreasing systemic side effects/toxicity. Thus the approach disclosed herein may avoid some of the toxicity related side effects of delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to the pancreas and may enable the use of more concentrated dosage of chemotherapy drugs. It should be understood that therapeutic particles may be substituted for or used in conjunction with chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, it should be understood that in some cases it may be useful to place a stent to open the bile duct prior to delivering the chemotherapy and/or therapeutic agent.

By way of example, such a use can include navigating a catheter such as a multi-occlusion catheter to the target anatomy using conventional percutaneous approaches or the same approach used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP), isolating the bile duct, and then exogenously introducing therapeutic cells/agents/biologics into the isolated area, via an infusion port of the catheter. In such fashion, the cells/agents biologics can be delivered to the bile duct with high efficiency. In some embodiment, a device with two sliding balloon catheters can be used to isolate bile duct. The isolated area can then be perfused with cells/therapeutic agents via an infusion port disposed between the two balloon catheters. In some embodiments, the devices described herein can be arranged such that a user can manipulate a portion of the device substantially single handedly, to allow for accurate delivery of a biological agent and/or drug formulation to an isolated segment or portion of an organ.

This application incorporates by reference to co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 14/958,415 filed on Dec. 3, 2015.

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a handle, an inner catheter, an outer catheter, an actuator, a first occlusion element, and a second occlusion element. The inner catheter is coupled to the handle and the first occlusion element is coupled to the inner catheter. The inner catheter defines an inner catheter lumen that is configured to receive a guidewire. The outer catheter is coupled to the housing and the second occlusion element is coupled to the outer catheter. The outer catheter defines a first lumen that is in fluid communication with a distal opening and is configured to introduce a therapeutic agent through the distal opening into the bile duct. The outer catheter defines a second lumen that is configured to receive at least a portion of the inner catheter.

The actuator is coupled to the handle and is configured to move the outer catheter relative to the handle. The second occlusion element is disposed proximal to the first occlusion element and a distance therebetween is adjustable when the outer catheter is moved relative to the handle by the actuator.

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a handle, an inner catheter, an outer catheter, a first occlusion element, a second occlusion element, and an actuator. The inner catheter is coupled to the handle and the first occlusion element is coupled to the inner catheter. The outer catheter is coupled to the housing and the second occlusion member is coupled to the outer catheter. The outer catheter defines a first lumen that is in fluid communication with a distal opening and that is configured to introduce a therapeutic agent therethrough and into the bile duct. The outer catheter defines a second lumen that is configured to receive at least a portion of the inner catheter. The second occlusion element is disposed proximal of the first occlusion element. The actuator is coupled to the handle and is configured to move the outer catheter relative to the handle between a first position in which the second occlusion element is at a first distance from the first occlusion element and a second position in which the second occlusion element is at a second distance from the first occlusion element, with the second distance being greater than the first distance.

In some embodiments, a system and/or device(s) is provided for endovascular introduction of therapeutic materials selectively to the bile duct for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In some embodiments, a device and/or system can include, for example, an inner catheter having a distal retractable occlusion element and an inner catheter lumen adapted and configured to introduce a guidewire, and an outer catheter having a distal retractable occlusion element, an infusion lumen adapted and configured to introduce therapeutic materials to the bile duct, and a lumen for slidably receiving the inner catheter. In such an embodiment, the distal retractable occlusion element of the outer catheter can be positioned proximal to the distal retractable occlusion element of the inner catheter; and a sealing element can be included that is configured to selectively isolate or seal an end of the outer catheter to prevent therapeutic materials from entering into the lumen of the outer catheter in which the inner catheter is slidably disposed.

In some embodiments, a selective sealing element can include, for example, a ring, a membrane, or any other suitable element configured to prevent loss of therapeutic material into the lumen of the outer catheter in which the inner catheter is disposed. The lumen provided in the inner catheter can be configured to perfuse a distal organ beyond the targeted isolation region of the artery.

In some embodiments, a distance between the proximal retractable occlusion element and the selective sealing element can be configured for external adjustment, thus allowing a user to customize the isolated area (between the two occlusion elements) to better target the bile duct during delivery of biologics. The proximal retractable occlusion element and the selective sealing element can have a cross-sectional diameter, for example, between 2-12 mm.

In some embodiments, the devices and methods described herein can be used for isolating the perfusion area of the gall bladder for introduction of chemotherapy for treatment of pancreatic cancer, hepatic tumors and cholangiocarinoma or other therapeutic agents targeted to the pancreas.

As used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the term “a member” is intended to mean a single member or a combination of members, “a material” is intended to mean one or more materials, or a combination thereof.

As used herein, the term “set” can refer to multiple features or a singular feature with multiple parts. For example, when referring to a set of ports, the set of ports can refer to a single port or to multiple ports.

As used herein, the words “proximal” and “distal” refer to a direction closer to and away from, respectively, an operator of, for example, a medical device. Thus, for example, the end of the medical device closest to the patient's body (e.g., contacting the patient's body or disposed within the patient's body) would be the distal end of the medical device, while the end opposite the distal end and closest to, for example, the user of the medical device, would be the proximal end of the medical device. Said another way, the distal end portion is the end that is located furthest from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment. For example, the distal end portion would be the end farthest away from a user's hand. The proximal end portion, thus, would be the position nearer to a point of reference such as an origin, i.e., the user's hand.

Table 1 is a list of chemotherapy drugs which may be delivered to the bile duct according to the method of the present invention.

TABLE 1 Common # Drug Trade Name(s) Indication(s) Solvents/Diluents 1 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 5FU, Flourouracil, Breast, Liver, water Adrucil Pancreatic, Stomach 2 Aldesleukin Proleukin Kidney water 3 Axitinib Inlyta Kidney water 4 Bleomycin Blenoxane Cervical, Testicular water 5 Carboplatin Paraplatin Ovarian water 6 Cetuximab Erbitux Colorectal, Head, water Neck 7 Cisplatin Platinol-AQ Bladder, Liver, water Ovarian, Pancreatic, Testicular 8 Cyclophosphamide Cytoxan Breast, Ovarian, water Pancreatic 9 Dacarbazine DTIC-Dome Pancreatic water 10 Doxorubicin Adriamycin, Rubex, Breast, Liver, water (pH = 3) Hydrochloride Caelyx Ovarian, Pancreatic, Stomach 11 doxorubicin liposomal, Myocet Breast, Liver, water (pH = 3) non-pegylated (un- Ovarian, Pancreatic, coated) Stomach 12 doxorubicin liposomal, Doxil Breast, Liver, water (pH = 3) pegylated (PEG Ovarian, Pancreatic, coated) Stomach 13 Floxuridine FUDR Liver, Pancreatic water 14 Gemcitabine Hospira, Gemcitab, Breast, Ovarian, water (pH = 3) Hydrochloride Gemzar Pancreatic 15 Irinotecan Onivyde, Camptosar Pancreatic water (pH = 3) Hydrochloride Liposome 16 Lanreotide Acetate Somatuline Depot Pancreatic water 17 leucovorin (antidote to Pancreatic water or oral folic acid antagonist used with 5FU) 18 Methotrexate Otrexup, Rheumatrex, Breast, Pancreatic water Trexall 19 Mitomycin Mutamycin, MMC, Liver, Pancreatic, water Mitomycin C, Stomach Mitozytrex 20 Mitoxantrone Novantrone Pancreatic water 21 Nivolumab Opdivo Kidney water 22 Olaparib Lynparza Ovarian water 23 Oxaliplatin Elotaxin Pancreatic water 24 Sorafenib Tosylate Nexavar Kidney water 25 Temsirolimus Torisel Kidney water 26 Thiotepa Bladder, Ovarian water 27 Topotecan Hycamtin Cervical, Ovarian water (pH = 3) Hydrochloride or oral 28 Vinblastine Sulfate Velban, Velsar Breast, Pancreatic, water Testicular 29 vincristine sulfate Alcrist, Biocristin, Pancreatic water Oncocristin-AQ, VCR

FIG. 1 illustrates the liver 10, the gall bladder 20, and the pancreas 30 situated within an abdominal cavity (not shown) of a mammal (e.g., a human). The pancreas 30 is a gland organ which is part of the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. The pancreas 30 is both an endocrine gland producing hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help in the further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat in the chyme.

As shown, the common bile duct leads from the gall bladder to the pancreas 30.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic illustrations of a multi-occlusion catheter insertion device 100 useful for delivering therapeutic agents to the bile duct for treatment of pancreatic cancer. The multi-occlusion catheter insertion device 100 (also referred to herein as “device”) can be arranged to allow for substantially single handed use to, for example, isolate a segment of a bodily lumen such as the buke duct, thereby allowing a procedure to be performed within the isolated segment and/or allowing a targeted delivery of a biological or therapeutic agent. The device 100 includes a handle 110, an actuator 150, a first catheter 160, and a second catheter 170. The handle 110 can be any suitable shape, size, or configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the handle 110 can have a shape and size that are configured to enhance the ergonomics of the device 100. As described in further detail herein, the handle 110 can be grasped by a user to insert a portion of the first catheter 160 and a portion of the second catheter 170 into a bodily lumen of a patient and can be manipulated to move, inflate, deflate, adjust, and/or otherwise reconfigure the portion of the first catheter 160 and the portion of the second catheter 170 within the bodily lumen. For example, the second catheter 170 can be moved relative to the first catheter 160, or vice-versa, to adjust a distance between a first occlusion element 168 coupled to a distal end portion of the first catheter 160 and a second occlusion element 178 coupled to a distal end portion of the second catheter 170. The device 100 can be used to isolate a segment of the bile duct within the space defined between the first occlusion element 168 and the second occlusion element 178. Thus, a procedure can then be performed within the isolated segment such as for example, delivering a therapeutic agent to the isolated segment.

The handle 110 has a proximal end portion 111 and a distal end portion 112. As described in further detail herein, the handle 110 can be arranged to enclose, house, and/or be disposed about a portion of the first catheter 160 and the second catheter 170. For example, the first catheter 160 and the second catheter 170 can each be coupled to the handle 110. A first port 120 and a second port 125 (collectively referred to herein as a first set of ports 128) are each disposed at the proximal end portion 111 of the handle 110. The first port 120 and the second port 125 can each define a lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3). In some embodiments, the first port 120 and the second port 125 can be formed monolithically or integrally with the first catheter 160. The first port 120 and the second port 125 can be any suitable size, shape, or configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the first port 120 and the second port 125 can extend from the proximal end portion 111 of the housing 110 such that at least a portion of the first port 120 and the second port 125 is accessible outside of the handle 110. Although not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first port 120 and the second port 125 can each be physically and fluidically coupled to a device, mechanism, and/or the like, such as, for example, a source of an inflation medium as described in more detail below. For example, in some embodiments, the first port 120 and the second port 125 can each include a Luer-Lok® or the like that can physically and fluidically couple the first port 120 and/or the second port 125 to such a device. As described in further detail herein, the first set of ports 128 can be in fluid communication with at least a portion of the first catheter 160 to place at least the portion of the first catheter 160 in fluid communication with a device (e.g., a source of an inflation medium) coupled to the handle 110 via the first port 120 and/or the second port 125. For example, the lumen of the first port 120 can be in fluid communication with a first lumen defined by the first catheter 160 and the lumen of the second port 125 can be in fluid communication with a second lumen defined by the first catheter 160.

The distal end portion 112 of the handle 110 includes a third port 130, a fourth port 135, and a fifth port 140 (collectively referred to herein as a second set of ports 143). The second set of ports 143 can be any suitable arrangement such as, for example, described above with reference to the first set of ports 128. For example, the third port 130, the fourth port 135, and the fifth port 140 can each define a lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) and can each include a Luer-Lok® or the like that can physically and fluidically couple the third port 130, the fourth port 135, and/or the fifth port 140 to any suitable attachment, device, mechanism, and/or the like. For example, the third port 130, the fourth port 135, and/or the fifth port 140 can each be coupled to an external device such as a device supplying a therapeutic agent, a device supplying an inflation medium or a device supplying an irrigation solution as described in more detail below with reference to, for example, device 400. In some embodiments, the second set of ports 143 includes the fifth port 140 and only one of the third port 130 and the second port 135.

As described in further detail herein, the second set of ports 143 can be in fluid communication with at least a portion of the second catheter 170 to place at least the portion of the second catheter 170 in fluid communication with such external devices coupled to the handle 110 via the third port 130, the fourth port 135, and/or the fifth port 140. For example, the third port 130 and/or the fourth port 135 can be coupled to and in fluid communication with a first lumen defined by the second catheter 170, and the fifth port 140 can be coupled to and in fluid communication with a second lumen defined by the second catheter 170. In some embodiments, the third port 130, the fourth port 135, and/or the fifth port 140 can be monolithically or integrally formed with the second catheter 170. Moreover, the second set of ports 143 can be coupled to or operably coupled to the actuator 150 as described in more detail herein.

The first catheter 160 (also referred to herein as “inner catheter”) and the second catheter 170 (also referred to herein as “outer catheter”) can be any suitable catheter device. For example, in some embodiments, the first catheter 160 and the second catheter 170 are multi-lumen catheters. As shown in FIG. 2, the first catheter 160 has a proximal end portion 161 and a distal end portion 162. The proximal end portion 161 of the first catheter 160 is disposed within a portion of the handle 110. More specifically, the proximal end portion 161 of the first catheter 160 can be fixedly disposed within the portion of the handle 110 to place the first catheter 160 in fluid communication with one or more of the ports 120 and 125 of the first set of ports 128. In some embodiments, the first catheter 160 can define a first lumen that can be physically and fluidically coupled to the first port 120 and a second lumen that can be physically and fluidically coupled to the second port 125. In other embodiments, a first catheter can be coupled to the handle and can be operably coupled to a first port and a second port (e.g., ports 120, 125) via an intervening structure such as, for example, flexible tubing or the like. In this manner, the first port 120 can be placed in fluid communication with a first lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the first catheter 160, as described in further detail herein. Similarly, the second port 125 can be placed in fluid communication with a second lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the first catheter 160. In some embodiments, the second port 125 and the second lumen of the first catheter 160 can receive a guidewire or the like, as described in further detail herein.

The distal end portion 162 of the first catheter 160 extends beyond a distal end portion of the handle 110 and includes the occlusion member 168. The occlusion member 168 can be any suitable device or mechanism that is configured to selectively limit, block, obstruct, or otherwise occlude a bodily lumen in which the occlusion member 168 is disposed. For example, in some embodiments, the occlusion member 168 can be an inflatable balloon or the like that can be transitioned between a collapsed (e.g., deflated) configuration and an expanded (e.g., inflated) configuration. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the first catheter 160 and the handle 110 can be such that the first port 120 is in fluid communication with the occlusion member 168. Thus, in use, the first port 120 can be fluidically coupled to a device that can supply a pressurized fluid (e.g., air, inert gas, or liquid) to the occlusion member 168 to transition the occlusion member 168 between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, as described in further detail herein.

The second catheter 170 of the device 100 has a proximal end portion 171 and a distal end portion 172. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the second catheter 170 is movably disposed about a portion of the first catheter 160. More specifically, the second catheter 170 can be, for example, a multi-lumen catheter and can be arranged such that the first catheter 160 is movably disposed within a first lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the second catheter 170. The proximal end portion 171 can be movably disposed within the handle 110 such that a portion of the second catheter 170 is in fluid communication with the second set of ports 143. In some embodiments, the second catheter 170 can be physically and fluidically coupled to the third port 130 and the fourth port 135, and/or the fifth port 140. In other embodiments, the second catheter can be disposed within a handle and can be operably coupled to one or more ports via an intervening structure such as, for example, flexible tubing or the like. In this manner, the third port 130 and/or the fourth port 135 can be placed in fluid communication with the second lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the second catheter 170, as described in further detail herein; the fifth port 140 can be placed in fluid communication with a third lumen (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the second catheter 170, as described in further detail herein.

The distal end portion 172 of the first catheter 170 extends beyond a distal end portion of the handle 110 and includes an occlusion member 178. The occlusion member 178 can be any suitable device or mechanism that is configured to selectively limit, block, obstruct, or otherwise occlude a lumen in which the occlusion member 178 is disposed. For example, in some embodiments, the occlusion member 178 can be substantially similar to the occlusion member 168 of the first catheter 160. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the second catheter 170 and the handle 110 can be such that the third port 130 and/or the fourth port 135 is in fluid communication with the occlusion member 178. Thus, in use, the third port 130 and/or the fourth port 135 can be fluidically coupled to a device that can supply a pressurized fluid (e.g., air, inert gas, or liquid) to the occlusion member 178 to transition the occlusion member 178 between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, as described in further detail herein. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the occlusion member 178 can be selectively permeable to allow a biological agent to pass therethrough. Although not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the distal end portion 172 of the second catheter 170 can define one or more openings. In such embodiments, the fifth port 140 can be fluidically coupled to a device that can supply irrigation, therapeutic material or agents, biological agents, and/or the like to a volume or region disposed between the occlusion member 168 of the first catheter 160 and the occlusion member 178 of the second catheter 170.

As described above, the actuator 150 of the device 100 can be operably coupled to the second set of ports 143. For example, in some embodiments, the actuator 150 is included in and/or coupled to the handle 110 and arranged relative to the second set of ports 143 to be operably coupled thereto. The actuator 150 can be any suitable device, mechanism, assembly, etc. that is movable between a first position relative to the handle 110, associated with the device 100 in the first configuration (FIG. 2), and a second position relative to the handle 110, associated with the device 100 in the second configuration (FIG. 3). Furthermore, with the actuator 150 operably coupled to the second set of ports 143, the actuator 150 can be operable in moving the second set of ports 143 between a first position relative to the handle 110 (e.g., the distal position) and a second position relative to the handle 110 (e.g., the proximal position), as indicated by the arrow AA in FIG. 3. Thus, when the second catheter 170 is coupled to the second set of ports 143, the actuator 150 can also move the second catheter 170 relative to the handle 110 and/or relative to the first catheter 160 as described in more detail below.

In some embodiments, the actuator 150 can be a push or pull slide that can move within a track (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) defined by the handle 110. In other embodiments, the actuator 150 can be coupled to an energy storage device (e.g., a spring, compressed gas, etc.) that is configured to move the actuator 150. For example, the actuator 150 can include a push button that allows a spring to transition from a compressed configuration towards an uncompressed configuration to move the actuator 150 relative to the handle 110. In other embodiments, a portion of the actuator 150 can be rotated to move the actuator 150 between its first position and its second position relative to the handle 110. With the second catheter 170 physically and fluidically coupled to the second set of ports 143 (as described above), the movement of the actuator 150 can move the second catheter 170 relative to the handle 110. More specifically, the proximal end portion 171 of the second catheter 170 can be movably disposed within the handle 110 (as described above) such that when the actuator 150 is moved from its first position to its second position, the proximal end portion 171 of the second catheter 170 is moved from a first position relative to the handle 110 (e.g., FIG. 2) to a second position relative to the handle 110 (e.g., FIG. 3).

With the second catheter 170 movably disposed about the first catheter 160, the movement of the actuator 150 moves the second catheter 170 relative to the first catheter 160. For example, when the device 100 is in the first configuration, a first distance D1 is defined between the occlusion member 168 of the first catheter 160 and the occlusion member 178 of the second catheter 170. Therefore, with the first catheter 160 fixedly disposed within the handle 110, the movement of the second catheter 170 in the proximal direction (e.g., the AA direction) increases the distance between the occlusion member 168 of the first catheter 160 and the occlusion member 178 of the second catheter 170 to a second distance D2, as shown in FIG. 3.

In use, a guidewire (not shown) can be inserted into the second port 125 and through a lumen defined by the first catheter 160. In this manner, the guidewire can be advanced through a bodily lumen and the device 100 can be manipulated to advance the first catheter 160 along the guidewire to place the distal end portion 162 of the first catheter 160 and the distal end portion 172 of the second catheter 170 at a target location within the bodily lumen. Once at the target location, the actuator 150 can be moved in the AA direction (e.g., the proximal direction) to define a desired distance between the occlusion member 168 of the first catheter 160 and the occlusion member 178 of the second catheter 170, thereby placing the device 100 in the second configuration (FIG. 3). As described above, an inflation source can be coupled to the second port 125 of the first catheter 160 and the same inflation source or a second inflation source can be coupled to the third port 130 and/or the fourth port 135 of the second catheter 170. With the desired distance defined between the occlusion members 168 and 178, the inflation source(s) can be used to inflate the occlusion members 168 and 178. Thus, the occlusion members 168 and 178 can be transitioned from the collapsed (e.g., deflated) configuration to the expanded (e.g., inflated) configuration to substantially isolate a segment of the bodily lumen disposed therebetween. With the occlusion members 168 and 178 substantially occluding the bodily lumen, a biological or therapeutic agent can be delivered to the substantially isolated segment via the fourth port 135. For example, the biological or therapeutic agent can be delivered through the fourth port 135 into a lumen of the second catheter that is in fluid communication with the opening (see, e.g., opening 479 in FIG. 20) defined by the distal end portion 172 of the second catheter 170. In some instances, the substantially isolated segment can be irrigated by coupling an irrigation source to the fifth port 140. Thus, the irrigation is delivered to the substantially isolated segment via the opening (described above) defined by the distal end portion 172 of the second catheter 170.

In use, the catheter device 200 can be placed at a desired location within the bile duct and used to infuse a therapeutic agents into the bile duct which will diffuse through the bile duct into the pancreas. A length of the first catheter 260 and the second catheter 270 can be adjusted such that a selected portion of the bile duct is isolated between the first occlusion element 268 and the second occlusion element 278. A therapeutic agent can be injected through the catheter device 200 and into the isolated region of the bile duct.

The infusion pressure in the isolated blood vessel region can be measured with pressure monitoring through the infusion lumen of the catheter (with a monometer (not shown) in line with infusion port 279). The pressure in the third lumen 276 can be based on the size of the agents being delivered, on the flow rate, the viscosity of the solution, and/or flow resistance of the third lumen 276 of second catheter 270. The flow resistance of the catheter device 200 can in turn be determined based on, for example, the inner coating material, the size and the length of the third lumen 276, the size of the third port 240, and/or the size of the distal infusion aperture 279. The catheter device 200 can allow for rapid infusion of agents (e.g., up to 2 milliliter per second (ml/sec)). In some applications, the rapid infusion can enhance uptake and eventual engraftment.

Any catheter device described herein and/or any combination of the catheter devices described herein can allow the above goals to be achieved. For example, a catheter device can include two catheters slidably coupled where an inner catheter defines a guidewire housing port and a distal occlusion element, and an outer catheter forms an infusion port and a proximal occlusion element, along with an inner lumen allowing the insertion of the inner catheter. The two catheters can be assembled outside the body with a distance between the two occlusion elements set to a desired length. For example, in some embodiments, the minimum distance between the two occlusion elements can be 3 cm, and the length can be adjusted up to a distance between the two occlusion elements of 25 cm as needed.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Where schematics and/or embodiments described above indicate certain components arranged in certain orientations or positions, the arrangement of components may be modified. While the embodiments have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood that various changes in form and details may be made. Although various embodiments have been described as having particular features and/or combinations of components, other embodiments are possible having a combination of any features and/or components from any of embodiments as discussed above. For example, the size and specific shape of the various components can be different from the embodiments shown, while still providing the functions as described herein. Furthermore, each feature disclosed herein may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A localized method for treatment of cancer, comprising the steps of: providing a drug delivery catheter; navigating the drug delivery catheter to a bile duct; and delivering a therapeutic agent into the bile duct.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the drug delivery catheter is a multi-occlusion balloon catheter.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multi-occlusion balloon catheter comprises at least two balloons.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Aldesleukin, Axitinib, Bleomycin, Carboplatin, Cetuximab, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, doxorubicin liposomal non-pegylated (un-coated), doxorubicin liposomal pegylated (PEG coated), Floxuridine, Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, Irinotecan Hydrochloride Liposome, Lanreotide Acetate, leucovorin (antidote to folic acid antagonist used with 5FU), Methotrexate, Mitomycin, Mitoxantrone, Nivolumab, Olaparib, Oxaliplatin, Sorafenib Tosylate, Temsirolimus, Thiotepa, Topotecan Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulfate, vincristine sulfate).
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the multi-occlusion balloon catheter includes a pressure transducer between the balloons to optimize delivery technique.
 6. The method of claim 1, where the navigating step includes navigating the catheter using ERCP.
 7. The method of claim 1, where the navigating step includes navigating the catheter to the bile duct percutaneously.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the localized method is used to treat pancreatic cancer.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the localized method is used to treat at least one of hepatic tumors and cholangiocarinoma. 